Slot Car Led Lights

Not to exist confused with the similarly looking merely incompatible ISO 4165 sockets/plugs (also called a 'Hella', 'Powerlet' or 'Merit') used on Motorcycles (esp. BMW), in caravaning etc.

Auxiliary ability outlet for front passengers

Metal and plastic cigarette lighter receptacles

Power inverter for producing domicile-resembling power from an automobile outlet

An automobile auxiliary ability outlet (also known as auto cigarette lighter or auxiliary power outlet ^[1]) in an car was initially designed to power an electrically heated cigarette lighter,^[1] merely became a de facto standard DC connector to supply electrical power for portable accessories used in or virtually an car directly from the vehicle'south electrical system. Such include mobile phone chargers, cooling fans, portable fridges, electrical air pumps, and power inverters.^[i]

In about vehicles, at least i machine outlet is nowadays. Some vehicles, especially vans, tend to have more than power outlets, commonly 1 for the front passengers, one for the rear passengers and one for the baggage trunk.

The voltage of the power outlet is usually almost 12 V DC, and may be elevated between 13.5 V to 15 V while the engine is running.

The 12 Five ability circuit is protected by a car fuse, ofttimes rated at 10 to 20 amperes, which amounts from 120 to 240 watts. Large appliances such as hair dryers or toasters draw likewise much ability to be fed from an auxiliary power socket. If wired directly rather than through the ignition, an empty automobile battery tin can be charged through the outlet from an external power source, which is more user-friendly albeit slower than currents supported through electrical clamps on the car battery.^[2]

History [edit]

The electric cigar-lighter was invented and patented in the early 1880s by the Swiss-Austrian inventor Friedrich Wilhelm Schindler [de].^[3] In the 1890s, these tools were sold every bit electrical cigar lighters (Cigarrenanzünder), and later every bit Zigarrenanzünder in the major High german warehouse catalogues.^{[ commendation needed ]} Probably in the 1920s they were renamed "cigarette lighters", equally cigarettes overtook cigars in sales.

In 1921, the Morris U.Due south. Patent i,376,154 was issued for a so-called "wireless" or "cordless" lighter with a removable chemical element. The igniter was heated in the socket and and then manually removed for use afterward an appropriate time interval.^[4]

In the United States, cigarette lighters started appearing equally standard equipment in automobiles in 1925–1926.^[five]

In 1928, the Connecticut Automotive Specialty Company (Casco) in Bridgeport patented its version of an automotive cigarette lighter, which used a cord and reel.^[6] In the reel-blazon lighters, the igniter unit was continued with a source of current by a cablevision which was wound on a spring drum so that the igniter unit and cable could exist withdrawn from the socket and be used for lighting a cigar or cigarette. Equally the removable plug was returned to the socket, the wires were reeled back into information technology. The circuit was closed either by pressing a push or removing the igniter from its socket.^[iv]

The modern "automatic" removable automotive V-Curlicue lighter was developed past Casco in 1956,^[vi] for which it received U.South. Patent two,959,664, issued in 1960.

Technical design [edit]

The sockets and mating plugs are divers in the ANSI/SAE J563^[7] specification. For the 12 volt systems, the center contact is the positive concluding and the trounce is the negative final. About automobiles connect the negative final to the frame of the vehicle (negative ground).

12 volt motorcar connectors are fabricated to comply with a standard by Underwriters Laboratories for safety. UL2089 was adult to encompass the requirements for portable adapters rated 24 V DC or less that are intended to be supplied from the battery powered electrical system of a vehicle. Products covered by the standard include string assemblies of a plug that mates with the standard cigarette receptacle plant in automobiles.

6-volt cigarette lighter receptacle and plug

• Receptacle inside diameter: 21.34–21.46 mm (median 21.4 mm)
• Plug body diameter: 21.08–21.23 mm (median 21.155 mm)

12-volt cigarette lighter receptacle and plug, size A

• Receptacle within diameter: 20.93–21.01 mm (median 20.97 mm)
• Plug body diameter: twenty.73–20.88 mm (median 20.805 mm)
• About often used in American automobiles

12-volt cigarette lighter receptacle and plug, size B

• Receptacle inside diameter: 21.41–21.51 mm (median 21.455 mm)
• Plug torso diameter: 21.xiii–21.33 mm (median 21.18 mm)
• Virtually frequently used in European automobiles, and sometimes as a 2nd socket in American automobiles expressly for DC ability connections.

Plugs often include a pilot light LED indicator to bespeak that electric power is connected. Optionally, the plug may be equipped with an internal fuse for electrical safety, usually rated at 10 amps or less.^{[ citation needed ]} In some designs, the tip of the plug may be unscrewed to reveal a cylindrical glass fuse; other variants may use a blade-blazon fuse inserted into the side or back of the plug.

Uses [edit]

Lighter [edit]

Auto cigarette lighter, with brass-colored heating element visible at front

The lighter is a metal or plastic cylinder containing a thin flat gyre of nichrome metal strip, through which high current (≈10 amperes) passes when the device is activated, usually past pushing it into the socket as though information technology were a push-button. When pushed in, the lighter is held against the force of a spring by a clip attached to a bimetallic strip.^[8] The heating element glows orange hot in seconds, causing the bimetallic strip to bend and release the machinery. The handle pops out, eliminating the demand for the user to time the heating operation. If the lighter is then promptly removed from its socket, it can light a cigarette, cigar, or tinder.

A mutual feature of Italian cars in the 1960s to the 1970s, such every bit Alfa Romeos and Ferraris, is the Brico Pram cigarette lighter, which differs from conventional designs in that the lighter does not pop out for removal to lite a cigarette, even though information technology visually resembles the traditional design. Instead, the middle of the lighter features a tapered opening for the user to insert a cigarette until it touches the heating element, the rim of the handle is then pressed down to activate the lighter, the heating element and so lights the cigarette and disengages the circuit with an audible ping one time the desired temperature is reached as per a conventional lighter. The advantage of such a design is in rubber as the red-hot heating chemical element cannot exist accidentally dropped onto an occupant's lap. Still, it takes away the power for the lighter to be removed for the receptacle to exist used every bit a power outlet, and information technology also does not let cigars to be lit as the opening is non large enough.

Electric outlet [edit]

A 12 volt cigarette lighter plug, with a tip that may be unscrewed to supervene upon an internal fuse

A power strip designed for use with auxiliary ability outlets

In newer cars, the socket is equipped with a plastic cover without the lighter heating element.^[9] However, the socket has been repurposed and continues to be used to ability consumer electronics in vehicles.^[10] Often, a vehicle may come with several outlets for convenience, some in the rear passenger area of the vehicle or even the cargo area, for powering portable devices. These outlets usually take a plastic cap tethered to them, and are ordinarily labeled as beingness only for DC power, because they are non intended to withstand the heat produced by an electrical cigarette lighter.

The utilise of cigarette lighter receptacles to supply 12 volt DC power is an example of backward compatibility to a de facto standard. As a power connector, the lighter receptacle is larger, harder to employ and less reliable than other DC connectors^{[ citation needed ]}. Cigarette lighter receptacles are in widespread use in many highway vehicles and some boats. Portable cigarette lighter receptacles attached to cables and alligator clips for connection straight to car batteries are available for temporary use. In newer vehicles, one or more USB connectors may also be provided. Plus in newer cars, the ability output from the lighter plug is and so reliable that it can charge laptops, without any voltage problems.

Standardized 12 volt DC automobile plugs are defined in the United States by UL Standard 2089 regarding vehicle battery adapters. This standard covers plugs and cord sets that insert into cigarette lighter receptacles. In Europe, 12 volt plugs and sockets are non specially regulated and exercise not require approvals for the CE mark.^{[ citation needed ]}

The male plug is sometimes used to feed ability into a vehicle to recharge its battery because information technology commonly has no regulatory circuitry between the outlet and the car battery. For instance, portable solar battery maintainers generally connect to a vehicle's bombardment in this style. Trickle chargers too sometimes connect in this way, eliminating the need to leave a vehicle's hood open, likewise as eliminating the possibility of reversed polarity. Most cars present are designed with a battery-negative earthing system and therefore take a +12V positive ability distribution. In such a example, the centre pivot of a plug/socket will be +12V DC and the outer casing 0V. While polarity is not an outcome for a cigarette lighter, it is prudent to verify the correct matching of polarities when connecting other kinds of accessories.

In some models, the cigarette lighter outlet is non powered when the ignition key is removed and charging is not possible, though modification of the fuse box may permit unlocking continuous power output, by establishing a parallel excursion from a continuously powered fuse slot through a "piggyback" connector.^[11]

Since the cigarette lighter socket was originally designed simply to estrus a cigarette lighter, repurposing these sockets as generic power connectors can lead to many problems. In addition to the issues with partially-compatible concrete dimensions, the plugs can vibrate out of the socket under normal driving conditions, owing to poor retention. Besides, there accept been reports of melted plug tips due to poor contact and heat generation from ohmic resistance.

A second problem is that nominally "twelve-volt" power in cars fluctuates widely. The outlet is connected straight to the electrical system of the car. The bodily voltage, matching the car battery's voltage, will be approximately 12.five volts when dormant (less in cold conditions), approximately xiv.5 volts when the engine and the alternator/generator are operating (more when cold), and may briefly drib as depression every bit 5–6 volts during engine start due to the high temporary bombardment current usage.^[12] When used, DC to DC converters volition ordinarily recoup for pocket-size fluctuations, but reliable power may not be available without an contained battery-powered uninterruptible power supply.

Rarely, more than extreme cases of voltage fluctuation tin can occur when the car battery is asunder while the engine is running, or when the car receives a bound start. When the battery is disconnected while the engine is running, its voltage smoothing effect (similar to capacitors) is unavailable and a load dump transient tin can produce very loftier voltages as the congenital-in voltage regulator has been controlling the alternator field electric current to charge the vehicle battery and although information technology will attempt to reduce the field current to keep the output voltage constant, the field winding is highly inductive and setting the current to its new value takes several hundred milliseconds, during which the alternator output voltage will exceed its intended value. The load dump transient may also ruin the diodes in the alternator by exceeding their breakdown voltage. A motorcar receiving a jump first from a truck may exist subject area to a 24 V electrical system used in some vehicles.^[13] Likewise, a "double battery jump-start" is performed by some tow truck drivers in cold climates.^[14]

Equipment intended to be powered by the receptacle needs to account for intermittent contact, and voltages exterior the nominal 12 V DC, such every bit maximum voltage ix–16 V continuously, or maximum voltage of xx V lasting 1 60 minutes, 24 V lasting 1 minute, and 40 Five lasting 400 ms.^[15] An case of protection component ratings tolerance is +fifty to −sixty V DC.^[16] Robust equipment must tolerate temperatures varying between −40 and +85 °C (−40 and 185 °F), plus possible high humidity and condensation of h2o.^[xv]

See also [edit]

• Automobile accessory ability
• EmPower (shipping power adapter)
• Inductive charging
• ISO 4165 connector

Notes [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c} LifeWire.com article: "From Car Cigarette Lighter To 12V Accompaniment Socket"
2. ^ Sandoval, David (2010-10-06). "How to Accuse a Car Battery Through a Cigarette Lighter". It Still Runs . Retrieved 27 October 2021.
3. ^ GB patent GB189412411A, Friedrich Wilhelm Schindler, "Electric Igniting Device, suitable for Lighting Tobacco-pipes and Cigars.", issued 1895-04-20
4. ^ ^{a b} "Cuno Engineering five. Automatic Devices".
5. ^ Valdes-Dapena, Peter (2003-11-04). "Cigarette lighters: The new cupholders?". CNN.com. Retrieved 2007-06-05 .
6. ^ ^{a b} "Casco Cigar lighter Facts & Figures". Casco. Archived from the original on 2007-06-25. Retrieved 2007-06-05 . ^{[ dubious – discuss ]}
7. ^ "Standard for 12 Volt Cigarette Lighters, Power Outlets, and Accessory Plugs". SAE International. SAE International. Retrieved 2016-02-16 .
8. ^ U.S. Patent five,932,126
9. ^ "Latest Gallup Update Shows Cigarette Smoking Nigh Historical Lows". Gallup.com. 25 July 2007. Retrieved 2009-04-08 .
10. ^ Laukkonen, Jeremy. "12V Socket or Cigarette Lighter Receptacle? The De Facto 12V DC Ability Socket". Lifewire.com . Retrieved 2021-02-28 .
11. ^ "How y'all can Add Wires for an Automotive Fuse Box - Hardware | RDTK.net". 29 July 2020.
12. ^ "Plugging the cigar lighter gap". Service Management 365. Archived from the original on July 17, 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-xxx .
13. ^ Emadi, Ali (2005-05-25), Handbook of automotive power electronics and motor drives, CRC press, p. 119, ISBN0-8247-2361-9, The maximum operating voltage for xiv 5 systems is specified at 24 V, representing a double battery jump-start condition.
14. ^ "Double-Battery Jump Kickoff", Loftier-Frequency Automotive Power Supplies, Application note 3893, Maxim Integrated Products, 2007-07-17, Some other steady-state OV condition is the double-bombardment spring kickoff, which occurs when a tow truck or other service personnel utilize 24 V to jump-showtime a disabled vehicle or otherwise charge a dead battery. The typical OEM exam requirement for this condition is virtually 24 V for two minutes. Some systems related to safety and engine management are required to operate under these conditions.
15. ^ ^{a b} EMC_CS_2009rev1.pdf
16. ^ "LM2931 Datasheet" (PDF). Cika . Retrieved 2016-02-16 .

References [edit]

• Standards And Specs For In-Seat Ability On Shipping Still In The Clouds discusses mechanical and electrical deficiencies of using the cigarette lighter socket for power.
• SAE J563 (Six- and Twelve Volt Cigarette Lighter Receptacles)
• SAE/USCAR-4 (Standard for Cigarette Lighters and Ability Outlets) (USCAR=U.s. Council for Automotive Research)
• Automotive voltage transients

External links [edit]

• CASCO Lighter History (1925 - 1960)
• CASCO Lighter History (1960 - 2005)
• Pictures of 12-Five Connectors

rishelvoine1966.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet

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